Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a large placenta-derived glycoprotein. During pregnancy it is produced in high concentrations by the trophoblast and released into maternal circulation. In addition to trophoblasts, PAPP-A expression has been reported in various tissues, including endometrium, testis, kidney, bone, colon, and other adult and fetal tissues. PAPP-A is potentially proatherosclerotic and has been proposed as a new marker of inflammation, as high serum PAPP-A levels are observed in patients with renal impairment, asthma, lung cancer, etc. Studies suggest that the PAPP-A form in non-pregnant females and males is dimeric and is not complexed with proMBP.

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PAPP-A (pico) CLIA AL-201

Kalra B, Kumar A, Tran A, Oxvig C, Shah S. Development of a fully characterized picoPAPP-A chemiluminescence assay for male and female serum evaluation. Poster session presented at American Association for Clinical Chemistry; 2012 Jul 16-19; Los Angeles, CA.

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PAPP-A (pico) ELISA AL-101

Thomsen J, Hjortebjerg R, Espelund U, Ørtoft G, Vestergaard P, Magnusson NE, Conover CA, Tramm T, Hager H, Høgdall C, Høgdall E, Oxvig C, Frystyk J. PAPP-A proteolytic activity enhances IGF bioactivity in ascites from women with ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015 Oct 13;6(31):32266-78.

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Anastasilakis AD, Koulaxis D, Upadhyay J, Pagkalidou E, Kefala N, Perakakis N, Polyzos SA, Economou F, Mantzoros CS. Free IGF-1, Intact IGFBP-4, and PicoPAPP-A are Altered in Acute Myocardial Infarction Compared to Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Healthy Controls. Horm Metab Res. 2019 Feb;51(2):112-119.

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Heitzeneder S, Shem J, Khan J, Mackall C. Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) Is A Novel Therapeutic Target In Ewing Sarcoma. Presented at 8th Ovarian Cancer Research; 2016 May 15-17; Niagra Falls, ON, Canada.

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Brohus M, Gorbunova V, Faulkes C, Overgaard MT, Conover CA. The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in the Long-Lived Naked Mole-Rat. PLOS ONE. 2015 December 22.

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Botkjaer JA, Borgbo T, Kloverpris S, Noer PR, Oxvig C, Andersen CY. Effect of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the level and activity of PAPP-A and the hormone profile in fluid from normal human small antral follicles. Fertil Steril. 2016 Dec;106(7):1778-1786.e8.

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Mikkelsen JH1, Resch ZT, Kalra B, Savjani G, Kumar A, Conover CA, Oxvig C. Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling in vivo by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity. Oncotarget. 2014 Jan ; 5(4):1014-25.

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Davidge-Pitts C, Escande CJ, Conover CA. Preferential expression of PAPPA in human preadipocytes from omental fat. Journal of Endocrinology (2014) 222, 87–97.

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Becker M, Haluska P, Bale L, Oxvig C, Conover C. A Novel Neutralizing Antibody Targeting Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Growth and Ascites Accumulation in Patient Mouse Tumorgrafts. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015 Apr;14(4):973-81. Epub 2015 Feb 18.

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Marouli E, Graff M, Medina-Gomez C, et al. Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height. Nature. 2017 Feb 9;542(7640):186-190. doi: 10.1038/nature21039

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Boldt H, Bale L, Resch Z, Exvig C, Overgaard M, Conover C. Effects of Mutated Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A on Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Mice. Endocrinology. 2013 January; 154(1):246-252.

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DiPrisco B, Kumar A, Kalra B, Savjani GV, Michael Z, Farr O, Papathanasiou AE, Christou H, Mantzoros C. Placental proteases PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, the binding proteins they cleave (IGFBP-4 and -5), and IGF-I and IGF-II: Levels in umbilical cord blood and associations with birth weight and length. Metabolism. 2019 Nov;100:153959. doi:
10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153959. Epub 2019 Aug 8.

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Hada M, Oh H, Pfeiffer RM, Falk RT, Fan S, Mullooly M, Pollak M, Geller B, Vacek PM, Weaver D, Shepherd J, Wang J, Fan B, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Malkov S, Herschorn S, Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Gierach GL. Relationship of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and binding proteins 1-7 with mammographic density among women undergoing image-guided diagnostic breast biopsy. Breast Cancer Res. 2019 Jul 23;21(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s13058-019-1162-8. PMID: 31337427; PMCID: PMC6651938.

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